1) What is morphine?
Morphine is a powerful pain-relief medication (analgesic) that can be used to relieve many types of moderate to severe pain. It is also commonly used in cancer treatment. At times, morphine is prescribed to relieve breathlessness. It is available only with a specialized prescription and needs to be taken under medical supervision.
2) How do I take morphine?
Morphine comes in various formulations, including tablets, capsules, granules that you dissolve in water, a liquid for swallowing, and suppositories (pellets inserted into the rectum). Additionally, it is available as an injection, but not all formulations may be available everywhere. The normal release tablets or liquid provide pain relief for up to 4 hours, while the slow- or modified-release tablets can last for 12 or even 24 hours.
3) Is morphine available as an injection?
Most patients take morphine in tablet form; however, it is also available as an injection if needed.
4) Can I get addicted to morphine
Taking morphine for pain relief exactly as prescribed by your doctor will NOT make you an addict. Many people remain on a stable dose for long periods; in some cases, it is quite normal for the dose to increase over time. Do not take it in a different way than directed by your doctor. As with other medicines, withdrawal symptoms (such as restlessness, watering eyes, a runny nose, nausea, sweating, and muscle aches) may occur if you suddenly stop using this medication. Do not stop taking morphine without talking to your doctor, as your body needs time to adjust. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details.
5) What happens when I start taking morphine?
Your doctor will start you on the optimal dose of morphine so that your body can get used to it. The pain should be relieved quickly as morphine is a strong analgesic. However, your doctor may adjust (increase or decrease) your dose at any time during your treatment if your pain is not controlled. It should be taken strictly under medical supervision.
6) What are the side effects of morphine?
Lightheadedness, dizziness, sweating, vomiting, nausea, constipation, or drowsiness may occur. Some of these side effects may last only a few days and may decrease after you have been using this medication for a while.
For constipation, doctors will prescribe laxatives. Drowsiness might occur while you are getting used to morphine or when the dose is increased, but our bodies can usually adapt gradually.
If you are already taking painkillers, they can often be equally effective as a low dose of morphine, so changing to morphine should not feel especially different. Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. This is not a complete list of possible side effects. For other effects not listed above, contact your doctor.
7) How does taking morphine affect my daily routine and everyday activities?
You can carry on with your daily activities of living and self-care while taking morphine. In fact, many patients report that they are able to do more because their pain is controlled. However, you may drive only if your doctor advises or allows you to do so.
8) Will I need to take morphine for the rest of my life?
All your medications will be reviewed regularly with your doctor. If you find that your pain has eased, your doctor can gradually reduce or even stop the morphine. However, if the cause of the pain is still there, most people find they need to continue taking morphine.
9) Is there a maximum dose of morphine that I should take?
No, the dosage of morphine prescribed by your doctor depends on your medical condition and response to treatment
10) Why do I need to take other pain medications if I am taking morphine?
Some types of pain require different painkillers, so you may need several different types of medicines to manage your pain. Morphine belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid (narcotic) analgesics. There are several other painkillers in this group, and occasionally, one may suit a particular pain or patient more than another. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about using morphine safely with other drugs.
Other pain relievers that can be administered in different ways may also be prescribed with this medication. For example, some can be supplied as a patch that sticks to the skin or as a subcutaneous injection.
11) Can morphine help with breathlessness?
A low dose of morphine is among several ways that can help make breathing easier if there is no obvious treatable cause of breathlessness. There are also other medicines that may help. It should be taken only on medical advice.
12) What are some precautions I should take?
Before using any medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist about your medical history and if you are pregnant or plan to be. Keep all medications out of sight and reach of children.
If you have further questions about morphine, contact your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.
Disclaimer: This page contains information on various medications and treatment modalities; and the way that these are sometimes used for palliative care. This information is for education and awareness purposes only. It should not be used as a prescription or otherwise. For more questions and a better understanding, please consult your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Do not use any medication or information without medical supervision.
1) मॉर्फिन क्या है?
मॉर्फिन एक शक्तिशाली दर्द निवारक दवा (एनाल्जेसिक) है जिसका उपयोग कई प्रकार के मध्यम से गंभीर दर्द से राहत के लिए किया जा सकता है। इसका उपयोग आमतौर पर कैंसर के इलाज में भी किया जाता है। कभी-कभी, सांस की तकलीफ़ से राहत पाने के लिए मॉर्फ़ीन दी जाती है। यह केवल एक विशेष नुस्खे के साथ उपलब्ध है और इसे चिकित्सकीय देखरेख में लेने की आवश्यकता है।
2) मैं मॉर्फिन कैसे ले सकता हूँ?
मॉर्फिन विभिन्न फॉर्मूलेशन में आता है, जिसमें टैबलेट, कैप्सूल, दाने जिन्हें आप पानी में घोल सकते हैं, निगलने के लिए एक तरल पदार्थ और सपोजिटरी (मलाशय में डाले जाने वाली दवा) शामिल हैं। इसके अतिरिक्त, यह इंजेक्शन के रूप में उपलब्ध है, लेकिन सभी फॉर्मूलेशन हर जगह उपलब्ध नहीं होते हैं। सामान्य रिलीज़ टैबलेट या तरल 4 घंटे तक दर्द से राहत देते हैं, जबकि धीमी या संशोधित-रिलीज़ टैबलेट 12 या 24 घंटे तक असरदार रह सकते हैं।
3) क्या मॉर्फिन इंजेक्शन के रूप में उपलब्ध है?
अधिकांश मरीज़ टैबलेट के रूप में मॉर्फ़ीन लेते हैं; हालाँकि, जरूरत पड़ने पर यह इंजेक्शन के रूप में भी उपलब्ध है।
4) क्या मुझे मॉर्फीन की लत लग सकती है?
दर्द से राहत के लिए आपके डॉक्टर द्वारा बताए अनुसार मॉर्फिन लेने से आप नशे के आदी नहीं हो जाएगी। बहुत से लोग लंबे समय तक स्थिर खुराक पर रहते हैं; कुछ रोगियों में, समय के साथ खुराक का बढ़ना काफी सामान्य है। इसे अपने डॉक्टर द्वारा बताए गए तरीके से अलग तरीके से न लें। अन्य दवाओं की तरह, यदि आप अचानक इस दवा का उपयोग बंद कर देते हैं, तो वापसी के लक्षण (जैसे बेचैनी, आंखों से पानी आना, नाक बहना, मतली, पसीना और मांसपेशियों में दर्द) हो सकते हैं। अपने डॉक्टर से बात किए बिना मॉर्फिन लेना बंद न करें, क्योंकि आपके शरीर को समायोजित होने के लिए समय की आवश्यकता होती है। अधिक जानकारी के लिए अपने डॉक्टर या फार्मासिस्ट से पूछें।
5) जब मैं मॉर्फिन लेना शुरू करता हूं तो क्या होता है?
आपका डॉक्टर आपको मॉर्फ़ीन की इष्टतम खुराक देना शुरू करेगा ताकि आपका शरीर इसका आदी हो सके। आमतौर पे मॉर्फिन शुरू करने पर दर्द से तुरंत राहत मिलनी चाहिए क्योंकि मॉर्फिन एक मजबूत एनाल्जेसिक है। परन्तु यदि आपका दर्द नियंत्रित नहीं होता है तो आपके डॉक्टर उपचार के दौरान किसी भी समय आपकी खुराक को समायोजित (बढ़ा या घटा) कर सकते है। इस दवा को चिकित्सकीय देखरेख में ही लिया जाना चाहिए।
6) मॉर्फिन के दुष्प्रभाव क्या हैं?
चक्कर आना, पसीना आना, उल्टी, मतली, कब्ज या उनींदापन हो सकता है। इनमें से कुछ दुष्प्रभाव केवल कुछ दिनों तक रहते हैं और कुछ समय तक इस दवा का उपयोग करने के बाद कम हो जाते हैं। कब्ज के लिए, डॉक्टर कुछ दवा लिखेंगे। जिस दौरान आपका शरीर नयी शुरू की गयी मॉर्फिन का आदी हो रहा हो या आपके डॉक्टर आपकी खुराक बढ़ा रहे हों तो उस दौरान आपको सुस्ती या उनींदापन हो सकता है, लेकिन हमारा शरीर आमतौर पर धीरे-धीरे अनुकूलित हो जाता है।
यदि आप पहले से ही दर्द निवारक दवाएं ले रहे हैं, तो वे अक्सर मॉर्फिन की कम खुराक के समान काम कर रही होती हैं, इसलिए उपचार प्रक्रिया में मॉर्फिन को शामिल करने का बदलाव शरीर को विशेष रूप से अलग महसूस नहीं होना चाहिए। याद रखें कि आपके डॉक्टर ने यह दवा इसलिए लिखी है क्योंकि उन्होंने यह निर्णय लिया है या उन्हें ये समझ में आ रहा है कि इस दवा से आपको होने वाला लाभ, साइड इफेक्ट के संबंधित प्रभाव से अधिक है। यह संभावित दुष्प्रभावों की पूरी सूची नहीं है। ऊपर सूचीबद्ध नहीं किए गए अन्य प्रभावों के लिए, अपने डॉक्टर से संपर्क करें।
7) मॉर्फिन लेने से मेरी दिनचर्या और रोजमर्रा की गतिविधियाँ कैसे प्रभावित होती हैं?
मॉर्फ़ीन लेते समय आप जीवन और आत्म-देखभाल की अपनी दैनिक गतिविधियाँ जारी रख सकते हैं। वास्तव में, कई मरीज़ रिपोर्ट करते हैं कि वे और अधिक करने में सक्षम हैं क्योंकि उनका दर्द नियंत्रित है। परन्तु कुछ गतिविधियाँ जैसे गाड़ी चलाना आप केवल तभी कर सकते हैं जब आपके डॉक्टर आपको ऐसा करने की सलाह दे या अनुमति दे।
8) क्या मुझे जीवन भर मॉर्फीन लेनी पड़ेगी?
आपकी सभी दवाओं की आपके डॉक्टर के साथ नियमित रूप से समीक्षा की जाएगी। यदि आप पाते हैं कि आपका दर्द कम हो गया है तो यह बात आप अपने डॉक्टर को बतायें। इस सूचना के आधार पे तथा आपके नैदानिक मूल्यांकन के आधार पे आपके डॉक्टर धीरे-धीरे मॉर्फिन को कम या बंद भी कर सकते हैं; हालाँकि अधिकतर ये देखा गया है कि यदि दर्द का कारण अभी भी शरीर में मौजूद है तो, अधिकांश लोगों को लगता है कि उन्हें मॉर्फिन लेना जारी रखना होगा।
9) क्या मॉर्फीन की कोई अधिकतम खुराक है जो मुझे लेनी चाहिए?
नहीं, आपके डॉक्टर द्वारा निर्धारित मॉर्फिन की खुराक आपकी चिकित्सा स्थिति और उपचार के प्रति प्रतिक्रिया पर निर्भर करती है
10) यदि मैं मॉर्फिन ले रहा हूं तो मुझे अन्य दर्द निवारक दवाएं लेने की आवश्यकता क्यों है?
कुछ प्रकार के दर्द के लिए अलग-अलग दर्द निवारक दवाओं की आवश्यकता होती है, इसलिए आपको अपने दर्द को प्रबंधित करने के लिए कई अलग-अलग प्रकार की दवाओं की आवश्यकता हो सकती है। मॉर्फिन ओपिओइड (मादक) दर्दनाशक दवाओं के एक वर्ग से संबंधित है। इस समूह में कई अन्य दर्द निवारक दवाएं हैं, और कभी-कभी, एक दवा, एक विशेष दर्द या रोगी को दूसरे की तुलना में अधिक सूट कर सकती है।
इस मॉर्फिन दवा के साथ अन्य दर्द निवारक दवाएं भी दी जा सकती हैं जिन्हें अलग-अलग तरीकों से दिया जा सकता है। उदाहरण के लिए, कुछ को पैच के रूप में जो त्वचा से चिपक जाती है या चमड़े के नीचे इंजेक्शन के रूप में दी जाती है, कुछ दवा की गोली के रूप में दी जाती हैं , वगैरह।अन्य दवाओं के साथ मॉर्फिन का सुरक्षित रूप से उपयोग करने के बारे में अपने डॉक्टर या फार्मासिस्ट से पूछें।
11) क्या मॉर्फिन सांस फूलने में मदद कर सकता है?
अगर सांस फूलने का कोई स्पष्ट इलाज योग्य कारण नहीं है तो मॉर्फिन की कम खुराक कई तरीकों में से एक है जो सांस लेने को आसान बनाने में मदद कर सकती है। ऐसी अन्य दवाएं भी हैं जो मदद कर सकती हैं। इसे डॉक्टरी सलाह पर ही लेना चाहिए।
12) मुझे क्या कुछ सावधानियां बरतनी चाहिए?
किसी भी दवा का उपयोग करने से पहले, अपने डॉक्टर या फार्मासिस्ट को अपने मेडिकल इतिहास के बारे में बताएं और यदि आप गर्भवती हैं या होने की योजना बना रही हैं तो भी बताएं। सभी दवाओं को बच्चों की नज़र और पहुंच से दूर रखें।
यदि आपके पास मॉर्फिन के बारे में और प्रश्न हैं, तो अपने डॉक्टर, नर्स या फार्मासिस्ट से संपर्क करें।
Disclaimer (अस्वीकरण): इस पृष्ठ में विभिन्न दवाओं और उपचार के तौर-तरीकों पर जानकारी शामिल है; और जिस तरह से इन्हें कभी-कभी पैलिएटिव केयर के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है। यह जानकारी केवल शिक्षा और जागरूकता उद्देश्यों के लिए है। इसका उपयोग नुस्खे के रूप में या अन्यथा नहीं किया जाना चाहिए। अधिक प्रश्नों और बेहतर समझ के लिए, कृपया अपने डॉक्टर, नर्स या फार्मासिस्ट से परामर्श लें। बिना चिकित्सकीय देखरेख के किसी भी दवा या जानकारी का उपयोग न करें।
For people with chronic or life-limiting illnesses, doctors prescribe palliative medications to keep pain and sufferings at bay. Palliative science has found that many well-established medications can be used safely and effectively used to treat symptoms other than the ones originally intended by the manufacturer. This practice is backed by research, textbooks, and journals; and is supported by the medical, nursing and pharmacy professional bodies globally. For this reason, we offer some information on a selection of the medicines we use regularly in this way: -
1) Haloperidol and olanzapine to treat nausea and/or vomiting.
These are traditionally prescribed in higher doses for patients with psychiatric symptoms. But, at low doses they are very effective at relieving nausea and vomiting.
2) Morphine tablets or liquid to help with breathlessness.
Morphine is normally used to treat pain, and it is also effective in reducing the feelings of breathlessness.
3) Dexamethasone tablets and injections.
Dexamethasone is a steroid, usually used to treat inflammation or allergic disorders. It is also included in chemotherapy treatments for some cancers. In addition, it can help to reduce nausea and vomiting, reduce some types of pain and improve appetite and general well-being.
4) Amitriptyline and nortriptyline to treat nerve pain.
These medicines are regularly prescribed at higher doses for patients suffering with depression,
however, at lower doses, they are effective in the relief of nerve pain.
5) Carbamazepine and sodium valproate to treat nerve pain.
These medicines though, are regularly prescribed for patients with epilepsy, they are also
effective for many patients for the relief of nerve pain.
6) Lorazepam to help with breathlessness
Lorazepam is usually used for the treatment of anxiety, and it is also effective in reducing the feeling of breathlessness.
7) Medroxyprogesterone or megestrol to help improve appetite
These are hormones used in the treatment of some cancers. They have also been shown to improve the appetite, so we may occasionally use them to try to help you gain or maintain weight.
Disclaimer: This page contains information on various medications and treatment modalities; and the way that these are sometimes used for palliative care. This information is for education and awareness purposes only. It should not be used as a prescription or otherwise. For more questions and a better understanding, please consult your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Do not use any medication or information without medical supervision..
1) What is artificial hydration? When is it given?
It is a medical treatment that allows a person to receive hydration or fluids when they are no longer able to take it by mouth.
2) If someone doesn’t drink won’t they die of dehydration? Isn’t fluid even more important than food?
Generally, patients with advanced cancer or other terminal illnesses eventually stop feeling thirsty and stop drinking fluids. This is because as the body weakens and the systems start to work less well, there is less and less need for fluid. It is important to remember that the person’s body is beginning to shut down because of the disease and dying process, not because of the absence of food and liquid. In this case, if someone is very weak and is given fluid by mouth it may go down the ‘wrong way’ that make them cough, splutter, breathless or even choke them.
3) What to do if they complain of dry mouth?
A dry mouth can be a common problem for patients and is different from feeling thirsty. Special saliva sprays, gels and chewing gum may be helpful.
4) What can I do to help?
If medical staff determine it is safe, you can carry on offering drinks. The staff will help you ensure that the drinks do not cause coughing or spluttering. Some patients might like to have their favourite drink frozen as ice-lollies or ice chips which can be easier to suck on than trying to drink. For end-of-life patients who are unable to drink from a cup, a sponge soaked in cold water or their favourite drink may be used to prevent a dry mouth. A nurse can demonstrate for you how to use these sponges.
5) Do you ever use drips?
A drip is given when doctors and nurses feel that it might help, particularly if there is a suggestion that the person is thirsty. A drip is the name for fluid (usually sterile salt water) given to the patient through a tube. This tube goes in either through a vein or under the skin. If a drip is started, it will be reviewed by staff over the next 24 to 48 hours to see if it is helping and also to make sure there are no side effects from it. For end-of-life patients with only days or hours to live, drips often do not help as their body systems are shutting down and thirst is not a problem. In such cases, good mouth care is the most crucial comfort measure.
6) Is it safe to give drips at home?
The effectiveness of a drip at home will be weighed up carefully in every situation and all tailored to the needs of the patient. As professional training is necessary to insert and monitor the tube, it might be difficult to give drips at home.
7) Are there any disadvantages to drips?
Yes; sometimes giving a drip can make things worse for patients in the last few hours or days of life as the body cannot handle fluids as efficiently as before. This may overload the delicate fluid-balancing mechanisms of the body causing ‘chestiness’ or noisy breathing and swelling of the arms or legs, as the body cannot process the fluid from the drip.
8) Once a decision about a drip has been made, is it final?
No. All decisions are regularly monitored and reviewed by doctors and nurses. Any decision that is made can always be reviewed. The patient always has the right to express their wishes and concerns in the matter. For patients who are unable to talk about their wishes, the doctors and nurses will make a careful assessment regarding the right thing to do after a discussion with the patient’s family.
Disclaimer: This page contains information on various medications and treatment modalities; and the way that these are sometimes used for palliative care. This information is for education and awareness purposes only. It should not be used as a prescription or otherwise. For more questions and a better understanding, please consult your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Do not use any medication or information without medical supervision.
This information accompanies the one on fluids and the use of artificial hydration.
Many patients with progressive/advanced malignancies get affected by loss of appetite or aversion to food (anorexia) and the loss of body mass including the lean body mass and fat in the setting of this disease state (cachexia). Anorexia also has a negative impact on family members because the patient is no longer able to participate fully in eating as a social activity.
1) Why do they lack the will to eat despite providing tasty/tempting dishes?
As patients with serious illnesses such as cancer or heart failure become more and more unwell, they lose their appetite. At times this may be caused by an obvious symptom such as a sore mouth or feeling sick, and medication can help with that; however, oftentimes, it is the illness that causes the loss of appetite also called anorexia. It is important to remember that they do not feel like eating and that they do not mean to upset you. In fact, they may feel guilty about pushing away food that you have taken trouble to prepare for them. It may help to talk to a doctor about how you both feel.
2) Why does this happen?
Some illnesses such as cancer produce chemicals that breakdown muscle and fat faster than in healthy individuals. These chemicals can also make a patient ‘feel full’ or achieve satiety after only a few mouthfuls or with no food at all. If the illness is successfully treated, these chemical changes might reduce or go away.
3) Won’t patients starve to death if they don’t eat?
No. In advanced illness, the body is no longer able to use the food it is given to build itself up. That is why people can start to lose weight even when their appetite is still fairly normal. Their body no longer seems to cope with food and this causes a loss of appetite.
4) What about using alternative feeding methods such as ‘drip’ or ‘tube’ feeding?
Studies have shown that artificial feeding (drip nor tube) does not help every cancer patient gain weight or live longer. Under certain circumstances, some patients who have an appetite but cannot eat, can be fed through a tube in the nose into the stomach (nasogastric) or directly through a hole in the stomach (gastrostomy). For a short period of time, drip-feeding (given into a vein, called TPN or total parenteral nutrition) can be given to certain patients – for example after bowel surgery. However, this is not helpful for most patients with advanced progressive illnesses.
5) What will happen to a patient who is already being fed through a tube?
As their illness advances, their appetite may also get smaller and a decision will then have to be made about whether artificial feeding should be reduced. Patient has a right to express his/her wishes and concerns regarding the same. For patients who are too unwell to talk about their wishes, the doctors and nurses will make a careful assessment regarding the right thing to do after a discussion with the patient’s family. The consensus based discussions on feeding are always important. Sometimes it can do more harm than good to carry on feeding through a tube (whether nasogastric or parenteral) - for patients in the last few days of life or those who are very weak may experience sickness, regurgitation and food spilling over into the lungs (‘aspiration’).
6) Some helpful suggestions: -
-Offer small meals or snacks spread out over the day instead of large meals which can be unappealing to the patient.
-We respect your concerns about balanced meals, but it is also important to ‘offer what they like and what they could eat’.
-You may consult a dietitian, doctor or nurse about different sorts of meals and foods.
-Food supplements can be obtained on prescription, if your healthcare team feels it can be used. These can help if the person you are caring for likes them.
-Gentle exercise may slow down muscle loss; a physiotherapist may be able to advise you on this.
-As the ill person becomes weaker, you may notice that food begins to go down the ‘wrong way’ causing them to cough, vomit, or feel choked or breathless. Breath sounds may become noisy. This can be solved by changing the texture of the food and by ensuring as upright a position as possible while eating and after meals. It could also be a sign that they are getting less well and you may need to discuss it with your doctor.
7) Can medicines help with appetite and weight gain?
Some medications such as steroids and progestogens can help increase a patient’s appetite; however, it is important to note that any weight gained through the use of such medications may only be fat or fluid, not muscle and may only be temporary.
Disclaimer: This page contains information on various medications and treatment modalities; and the way that these are sometimes used for palliative care. This information is for education and awareness purposes only. It should not be used as a prescription or otherwise. For more questions and a better understanding, please consult your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Do not use any medication or information without medical supervision.
‘Breathlessness’ or ‘shortness of breath’ or ‘feeling of being out of breath’- is a common symptom in patients with life-limiting illnesses. Breathlessness can be due to multiple causes e.g. anemia, anxiety, thick secretions, psychosocial issues, lung cancer, chronic airway disease, etc. Living with breathlessness is difficult and challenging. Anxiety, depression and social isolation which accompanies are debilitating and impact the patients and their families.
Use of medications, change of posture, lifestyle adjustments, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy provides better control of breathlessness and helps you live as actively as possible. Here we discuss the non pharmacological approaches to manage breathlessness.
1. How to cope with breathlessness
You need to slow down your activities to cope with breathlessness. Test your talking. If you are able to talk in complete sentences, while you are moving, you’re moving at the right pace. If you’re unable to talk, reduce the pace of your activities. Allow more time to breathe out. If you match your pace with your breath by allowing more time for breathing out, you would be able to perform better.
2. Know your triggers
Write down the activities, circumstances or substances that trigger your breathlessness and the strategies which you use to reduce this.
3. The complex interplay of breathing, thinking, and functioning
Breathlessness impacts our thoughts, the way we breathe, and the way we perform our daily activities. Being short of breath leads to an inefficient breathing pattern, so we feel ‘air hungry’ and start panting for breath. While panting, small rapid breaths move in and out of the upper chest, the respiration is insufficient and inadequate, and the muscles around neck, shoulders, and chest are ineffectively overused in an attempt to pull more and more air in. This may prove helpful in the short run but may cause pain and stiffness in neck and shoulders.
While the lung has not yet emptied of the previous breath, a new breath comes in and cause ‘breath stacking’ or 'piling up' of new breath over the old one, leading to more discomfort and increasing breathlessness. This escalated feeling of breathlessness causes anxiety, and the breathlessness combined with anxiety creates panic and worsens the episode further. This negative emotional response to breathlessness only aggravates the distress and a vicious cycle of breathlessness-panic-more breathlessness continues.
Since breathlessness is an unpleasant sensation, we try to avoid activities which may cause breathlessness and this leads to the weakening of muscles. These weakened muscles use oxygen less efficiently and worsen breathlessness. So, to deal with this we need to do two things, i.e. manage the episodes of breathlessness efficiently and practice exercises daily to improve breathing.
4. How to manage the episode of breathlessness.
If you are short of breath; slow down or stop your activity. Sit and find a comfortable way to lean forward. Sitting by the side of the window or placing a handheld fan over your face would help. Focus on breathing out and extend the breath, i.e. slowly sigh out. Allow yourself time to relax and when you are ready to move; initiate it slowly.
5. Breathing exercises
Be still, relaxed and calm; and sit upright on a well-supported chair. Placing a soft thin cushion around your lower back and resting the back of your head and upper back on the chair would help in opening your lungs and keep you relaxed.
Breathe through your mouth or nose according to your convenience.
Relax the shoulder and chest and rest your elbows by your side.
Place one hand over your tummy above the belly button.
Hear the sigh and feel the movement of your hand placed over your tummy as you breathe.
Breathe normally and avoid struggling for deep breaths, it would come on its own after every few breaths focus majorly on relaxed breathing.
Always try pacing the activities with your breathing, to prevent the escalation of breathlessness to the point of distress. Practice controlled breathing and neck and shoulder stretches.
Disclaimer: This page contains information on various medications and treatment modalities; and the way that these are sometimes used for palliative care. This information is for education and awareness purposes only. It should not be used as a prescription or otherwise. For more questions and a better understanding, please consult your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Do not use any medication or information without medical supervision.
Hospice is a service, a concept and a philosophy of care and not always a brick and mortar location. It is not always a place. It can be provided as an Inpatient care (in the hospital, nursing home or other institutions) for patients who need it, but most patients can remain at their homes (or any other place of care of their choice) amongst the family members (or the people they wish to be around), if they prefer this.
While dealing with a terminal illness, if you have arrived at a point where the current treatment which are aimed at curing or reducing the pace of the disease are no longer working, or you have decided to stop them; you may discuss this with your doctor and he can make a treatment plan/ suggestion/ referral for hospice care, also known in common Indian language as palliative care at home*. This decision is usually a consensus-based decision amongst the patient, their families and the treating doctor and his team.
During this phase of care at home, the treatment would be aimed at relief from pain, shortness of breath, anxiety and other symptoms so you can focus on the people, tasks and things that matter the most to you. You may also take time to plan your Will and sort out inheritance issues during this phase.
A common belief amongst some populations is that using hospice care means that they're giving up. Others may get worried that they won’t get the medical care they need; whereas, the transitioning to hospice care means shifting from one set of goals (how to get longer life through a cure) to another (how to get the best quality of life out of the time we have); and receiving care matched with these goals. The service thus focuses on the quality of your life instead of trying to cure a disease. It may also be viewed as a treatment to provide best control of symptoms at home. You can still see your regular doctor/primary treating team as and when you want.
Your palliative care doctor would communicate, guide, discuss and work with your primary treating team, nurse, social worker, physiotherapist, counsellor, home health attendant, and trained volunteers depending on your needs i.e. they work together (in different combinations or permutations) to meet your physical, emotional, and spiritual needs.
Hospice supports family members, too. It offers counselling and help with practical issues along with the medical advice. Your physician or other team member would visit you at regular intervals, and guide you to help you take care (not to take over care) of the loved ones who are suffering. Apart from medical management of symptoms (like pain, breathlessness, nausea, vomiting, etc), they would also work on the general wellbeing to the maximum extent. They would try to answer your queries to the maximum. With subsequent visits, the things would get easier and you would look forward to the team member’s arrival. Good nursing care is a must during this process of care.
How can we know when to try palliative care at home* or more accurately hospice care at home?
This should be part of ongoing discussions with your health care team- "ongoing" because goals and needs evolve.
Would the medications for pain management and management of other symptoms make us sleepy/ sedated, so it stops us from interacting to anyone?
The goal of pain management in hospice care is to enable you to live well — not sedate you. "there is a mistaken belief that providing hospice care or using pain medications would always make one sleepy/ sedated to the point where they can't interact" , "To the contrary, suffering unnecessarily with severe pain makes you more fatigued, tired and irritable, and reduces your quality of life." When pain medications like NSAIDs, tramadol, morphine, fentanyl, and other opioid or non-opioid adjuvant pain medications (like gabapentin, amitriptyline, etc) are used, it's to treat anxiety and to lessen pain, and not hasten the process of parting ways, as many people mistakenly believe.
Hospice care provides treatment, support and comfort in this phase of illness and to help the patient live a meaningful life, where they may like to focus on the tasks, events and relationships important to them.
Note: * Though these are made to sound synonymous, Hospice Care and Palliative care are not the same. Hospice care is a part of palliative care spectrum. Palliative care may be instituted as early as possible, in the course of disease whereas hospice care is usually incorporated later in the disease trajectory.
Disclaimer: This page contains information on various medications and treatment modalities; and the way that these are sometimes used for palliative care. This information is for education and awareness purposes only. It should not be used as a prescription or otherwise. For more questions and a better understanding, please consult your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Do not use any medication or information without medical supervision.
Living with cancer brings about various new changes in your relationships with everyone around you. These changes could be related to your roles, feelings about yourself, your parents, spouse/partners, children, friends, or other loved ones. How these changes affect you may differ among individuals, depending on their environment and circumstances. Your perspectives and priorities might also change during the course of diagnosis and treatment.
If you find these concerns overwhelming, it's essential to find a way to talk to people who are important to you. Opening up about your concerns and feelings early on in the process of care can help you resolve these issues before they become difficult to tackle. By facing these challenges with support from others, you can focus on healing and coping better. Moreover, expressing your concerns will encourage your family and friends to open up about the issues they feel are important and need to be discussed with you.
Signs of communication breakdown:
These signs can indicate a deterioration in communication within a relationship, and recognizing them can be the first step toward addressing and resolving the underlying issues. Open and honest communication, along with empathy and understanding, can help rebuild and strengthen relationships that might be affected by these breakdowns.
Relationship with your partner
The diagnosis and treatment of cancer can affect you and your relationship with your partner/spouse on all levels—emotional, physical, spiritual, financial, psychological, and social. Changes in relationship and sexuality may impact different people in different ways. Relationships go through significant changes during this time, which can become even more demanding as roles shift. Both partners cope and adapt in their own ways. When one partner is sick, the other might feel lonely, distressed, and psychologically pushed to the edge. This distress can spill over to the other partner, further straining the relationship. Some people also become overprotective of their partners and avoid sharing information to prevent them from getting hurt or stressed. In such situations, it is important to remember the following things:
These changes in relationships may be short-lived or permanent, may deepen and increase proximity, or may settle differently forever, depending on the understanding of the disease process and its treatment-related effects, the length of time you have been together, the strength of your relationship before cancer, the coping abilities of both partners, and the honesty and clarity of communication between both of you. Learning to live with cancer requires involvement and communication from both partners about various aspects of the relationship, including compassion, listening, emotions, intimacy, and sexuality.
Sexuality and intimacy in cancer
Sexuality and intimacy are those precious and important experiences of life that mean differently to different people, at different stages of their lives. An illness like cancer has the potential to transform various aspects of someone’s life, including how they feel about themselves, their bodily appearances, and their sense of self within intimate and sexual relationships. Men and women have similar body image issues with the disease and its treatment. Cancer and palliative care literature have seen a reassuring shift in the meaning and interpretation of these terms, which have now been defined in a more person-centric manner than ever before.
The Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine, in its 5th edition, describes 'Sexuality' as a 'feeling of belonging, of being accepted by another, and the conviction that we are worthy to live and enjoy life.' 'Intimacy,' on the other hand, has been defined as the 'sharing of identity, closeness, and reciprocal rapport,' where the emphasis is usually on emotional closeness and intimate communication rather than sexual function. With this perspective, sexuality and intimacy have the potential to be altered at different stages of life and disease, and may very well be redefined at every stage of illness. The scope of the definition of these terms is much broader than it is understood to be.
It is important to understand that:
With cancer, you may not be feeling the way you used to feel earlier. You may feel tired, have trouble sleeping, and experience changes in appetite. The feelings described above may come up naturally, especially if you have enjoyed an active sex life earlier. In most cases, these feelings are transient, and gradually, with time, you get better and start feeling the way you were before. It's essential to talk to a professional, such as your doctor, a psychoncologist, or a counselor, to help you understand why these changes are happening. It might be because of medication or treatment, which may have a variety of consequences, such as loss of breast in breast cancer, numbness in the genital area, mucosal dryness, dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse), erectile dysfunction, premature menopausal symptoms, and urinary incontinence problems. But if you don't speak out, it can be very difficult to cope. Discussing these issues with your physician allows you to understand what you might come across and what is acceptable to you and what is not.
It's also important to be open about your thoughts and concerns and discuss them with your partner and your family. Depending on the stage of your disease, if there is someone who cares about you and is intimate with you, it is essential that they know about what you are feeling and what you are going through. It is natural to feel embarrassed discussing a topic like this, but be aware that both you and your partner may be having many difficult feelings, and this is a normal occurrence when you're stressed with the disease. It is also crucial to understand that the stress is very real and will also affect your partner. Talking and listening to each other are important. You may write down your feelings if talking gets difficult for you. You would not have an answer for every worry, feeling, or question, but this is normal; listening to each other with calmness and patience is essential. When you don't feel like getting intimate the way it was earlier, couples can retain their closeness through tenderness, caresses, and attentiveness. Closeness and touching are ways of expressing love and togetherness and of fulfilling the needs of intimacy. Intimacy is critical to maintaining a good sense of self and hope during treatment. There are other ways to feel intimate, fulfil that particular need in life, and enhance the relationship. Communication about these concerns is very important, especially about the sexual relationship, as there is nothing more intimate than a sexual relationship. You may feel overwhelmed, and your partner may also be overwhelmed, and the communication may be breaking down. But you need to understand that only intimate and candid communication can make things better. The key issue is developing a positive and intimate life after cancer. Do seek the help of your treating team as and when required.
You must be having many more queries which might be helped by going through the links below:
https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/cancer-information/managing-cancer-side-effects/sexuality-intimacy/
https://www.dana-farber.org/health-library/articles/sexual-health,-intimacy,-and-cancer/
https://healthtalk.org/living-and-beyond-cancer/sexual-functioning-and-intimate-relationships
Relationship with your parents
Your cancer diagnosis, treatment, and other related information may affect your parents as much as it affects you, whether or not you are living with them. This impact might cause behavioral changes in them. They may appear to be too sad or become overprotective and might get involved and take charge of the treatment process. During this process, they are also coping with their own feelings and emotion.
Communication helps you and your parents
Take some time to understand and assimilate the current situation and process your emotions before discussing it with your parents. Although you may think that sharing the information might upset them or that they may ask you too many questions or give advice, opening up about your emotions and discussing your needs and expectations with them can help break the ice and provide mutual support. Talk about the changes that have come up in your relationship and discuss how you plan to take care of yourself and your treatment. You can show them your medication schedule or treatment plan (if you have one) and discuss how you plan to handle the treatment process, its logistics, finances, and where you may need their help.
While you might need to make some compromises, take time to think and discuss or convey what is possible and what is not for you in the current scenario. You may also feel that you are becoming dependent and burdening your parents or involving them a bit too much, but it is okay to accept help when needed while also honestly expressing your need to make decisions about yourself if you feel it's necessary. They can help you with hospital visits, caring for your family, supporting you in and outside the hospital, helping you streamline your treatment needs, and even assisting with the decision-making process if you need them.
You might also have to seek their help with your living arrangements if you are living alone and/or in a separate accommodation, as it might be difficult for you to manage the treatment alone. It might feel like giving up your independence, but living together with them could fulfill your physical, emotional, spiritual, and financial needs
Relationship with your siblings (brother and sister)
Your siblings might respond either differently or similar to how your parents might respond. A lot would depend on your closeness with them, age difference, whether you have grown together in the same household and their coping mechanisms. What you share, how much you share and the ways in which you share information and emotions amongst yourself would depend on your closeness, emotional bonding, age difference and proximity to each other. They might often want to help you with your hospital visits, home tasks and would like to spend time with you. Their role and involvement in treatment process could be worked out through communication at various stages of illness. Your sibling might also have some coping issues or they may be scared of getting the same disease; or, if you are too young, and the age difference between you and your sibling is not much, they might feel jealous because of the lack of attention that they are getting. These issues can be discussed with them or the family members. Try to avoid blaming yourself for any cooping problems your sibling might have. If you feel they are overwhelmed with emotions, motivate them to seek support. If you have had significant differences with your siblings in the past, situation might be different, still, communication might help.
Children and Teens
Children, young adolescents, and teenagers need help while dealing with the information and emotions that come with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, including sadness and fear. It might be difficult for you to start a conversation regarding this, but initiating communication with them and gradually opening up, allowing them to ask questions and talk about the experience, would help allay their fears and anxiety about wellness and the expression of their feelings. How much, what, and in which way you communicate would depend on the age of the child, their intellect, and their environment. Providing clear and concrete information with reassurance and compassion will help the child understand that his/her needs will be met. They need to feel that it is fine to continue with their routine activities and that they will be asked for help if needed. Children can express their feelings in a variety of ways like drawing, music, or writing. If a child needs extra support, a family member, teacher, or friends may be able to help. Children need to express distress and seek guidance, and professional support may be asked for if needed.
Some of you may fear passing on the disease genetically to your children, but you need to understand that this may happen only in a small percentage of patients and for a few specific diseases. If you think your disease may be inherited, consult with a genetic counselor or a molecular and genetic doctor and let them handle your queries and provide clarification. Children of cancer survivors have felt that honest communication, open discussions, and spending time with them have helped them through the process of disease diagnosis and treatment.
Disclaimer: This page contains information on various medications and treatment modalities; and the way that these are sometimes used for palliative care. This information is for education and awareness purposes only. It should not be used as a prescription or otherwise. For more questions and a better understanding, please consult your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Do not use any medication or information without medical supervision.
कैंसर के साथ रहने से आपके आस-पास के सभी लोगों के साथ आपके रिश्तों में कई नए बदलाव आते हैं। ये परिवर्तन आपकी भूमिकाओं, आपके बारे में भावनाओं, आपके माता-पिता, जीवनसाथी/साथी, बच्चों, दोस्तों या अन्य प्रियजनों के बारे में हो सकते हैं। ये परिवर्तन आपको कैसे प्रभावित करते हैं, यह अलग-अलग व्यक्तियों, उनके परिवेश और उनकी परिस्थितियों के अनुसार भिन्न हो सकता है। निदान और उपचार के दौरान आपके दृष्टिकोण और प्राथमिकताएँ बदल सकती हैं। यदि आपको ये परिवर्तन चिंतित करता है, तो आपको उन लोगों से बातचीत करने का एक तरीका खोजना होगा जो आपके लिए महत्वपूर्ण हैं। देखभाल की प्रक्रिया के शुरू में ही चिंताओं और भावनाओं के बारे में बात करने से आपको इन मुद्दों को हल करने में मदद मिल सकती है, इससे पहले कि इनसे निपटना मुश्किल हो जाए। जब आप दूसरों द्वारा समर्थित महसूस करते हैं तो आप चुनौतियों का बेहतर ढंग से सामना कर सकते हैं और अपने उपचार पर ध्यान केंद्रित कर सकते हैं। इससे आपकी चिंताएँ भी कम होंगी और आपके परिवार और दोस्तों को उन मुद्दों के बारे में खुलकर बात करने में मदद मिलेगी जो उन्हें महत्वपूर्ण लगते हैं और जिन पर आपके साथ चर्चा करने की आवश्यकता है।
संचार या बातचीत टूटने के संकेत:
असहमति और ग़लतफ़हमियाँ अधिक हो गई हैं।
बातचीत करते वक़्त बार बार
कटाक्ष करना, बुरा भला कहना और आलोचना करना।
प्रेम और स्नेह की अभिव्यक्तियाँ कम हो जाना।
मदद और समर्थन मांगने से बचना।
प्रियजनों की वाणी से दुख महसूस होगा।
आपके या आपके प्रियजन द्वारा भावनात्मक और शारीरिक अलगाव और बातचीत में कमी।
अपने साथी के साथ संबंध
कैंसर का निदान और उपचार आपको और आपके साथी/पति/पत्नी के साथ आपके रिश्ते को भावनात्मक, शारीरिक, आध्यात्मिक, वित्तीय, मनोवैज्ञानिक और सामाजिक सभी स्तरों पर प्रभावित कर सकता है। रिश्ते और कामुकता में बदलाव अलग-अलग लोगों पर अलग-अलग तरीकों से प्रभाव डाल सकते हैं। इस दौरान रिश्ते महत्वपूर्ण बदलावों से गुजरते हैं, और क्यूंकि हमारी सामाजिक भूमिकाएं भी इस वक़्त बदल रही होती हैं , तो रिश्तों के बदलाव का वज़न और भी अधिक हो सकता है। दोनों साझेदार इस परिस्थिति का अपने-अपने तरीके से सामना करते हैं और अनुकूलन करते हैं। जब एक साथी बीमार होता है, तो दूसरा अकेला, व्यथित और मनोवैज्ञानिक रूप से एकाकीपन महसूस कर सकता है। यह परेशानी अगर बातचीत के द्वारा सुलझायी न जाए तो दूसरे साथी तक पहुंच सकती है, जिससे रिश्ते में और तनाव आ सकता है। कुछ लोग अपने पार्टनर के प्रति अत्यधिक सुरक्षात्मक भी हो जाते हैं और उन्हें चोट या तनावग्रस्त होने से बचाने के लिए जानकारी साझा करने से बचते हैं। ऐसी स्थिति में निम्नलिखित बातें याद रखना जरूरी है:
रिश्तों में ये बदलाव अल्पकालिक या स्थायी हो सकते हैं, निकटता को गहरा कर सकते हैं और बढ़ा सकते हैं, या, हमेशा के लिए ये रिश्ते बिखर सकते हैं। ये रिश्ते क्या रूप लेते हैं , यह बहुत सारी बातों पर निर्भर करता है, जैसे की - रोग प्रक्रिया और उसके उपचार संबंधी प्रभावों की आपकी समझ, आप कितने समय तक एक साथ रहे हैं, कैंसर से पहले आपके रिश्ते की मजबूती, दोनों भागीदारों की मुकाबला करने की क्षमता और आप दोनों के बीच बातचीत और संचार की ईमानदारी और स्पष्टता। कैंसर के साथ जीना सीखने के लिए करुणा, समानुभूति, भावनाओं, आत्मीयता, कामुकता और अंतरंगता सहित रिश्ते के विभिन्न पहलुओं के बारे में दोनों भागीदारों की भागीदारी और संचार की आवश्यकता होती है।
कैंसर में कामुकता और अंतरंगता
कामुकता और अंतरंगता जीवन के वे अनमोल और महत्वपूर्ण अनुभव हैं जिनका अलग-अलग लोगों के लिए, उनके जीवन के विभिन्न चरणों में अलग-अलग अर्थ होता है। कैंसर जैसी बीमारी किसी के जीवन के विभिन्न पहलुओं को बदलने की क्षमता रखती है, जिसमें वे अपने बारे में कैसा महसूस करते हैं, उनकी शारीरिक बनावट और अंतरंग और यौन संबंधों में उनकी "स्वयं" के बारे में भावना, शामिल हैं। पुरुषों और महिलाओं में बीमारी और उसके इलाज को लेकर 'शारीरिक छवि' संबंधी समस्याएं समान होती हैं। कैंसर और पैलिएटिव केयर साहित्य में इन शब्दों के अर्थ और व्याख्या में एक आश्वस्त बदलाव देखा गया है, जिन्हें अब पहले से कहीं अधिक "व्यक्ति-केंद्रित" तरीके से परिभाषित किया गया है।
पैलिएटिव मेडिसिन की ऑक्सफ़ोर्ड पाठ्यपुस्तक, अपने 5वें संस्करण में, 'कामुकता' को 'अपनेपन की भावना, दूसरे द्वारा स्वीकार किए जाने की भावना, और यह दृढ़ विश्वास कि हम जीने और जीवन का आनंद लेने के योग्य हैं' के रूप में वर्णित करती है। दूसरी ओर, 'अंतरंगता' को 'पहचान, निकटता और पारस्परिक तालमेल साझा करने' के रूप में परिभाषित किया गया है, तथा अंतरंगता में, यौन कार्य के बजाय भावनात्मक निकटता और अंतरंग संचार पर जोर दिया गया है। इस परिप्रेक्ष्य में देखें तो, कामुकता और अंतरंगता में जीवन और बीमारी के विभिन्न चरणों में, बदलाव की संभावना होती है, और बीमारी के हर चरण में इसे फिर से परिभाषित किया जा सकता है। इन शब्दों की परिभाषा का दायरा जितना समझा जाता है उससे कहीं अधिक व्यापक है।
यह समझना महत्वपूर्ण है कि:
कैंसर के साथ, आप शायद वैसा महसूस नहीं कर रहे होंगे जैसा आप पहले महसूस करते थे। आप थका हुआ महसूस कर सकते हैं, सोने में परेशानी हो सकती है और भूख में बदलाव का अनुभव हो सकता है। ऊपर वर्णित भावनाएँ स्वाभाविक रूप से उत्पन्न हो सकती हैं, खासकर यदि आपने पहले सक्रिय यौन जीवन का आनंद लिया हो। ज्यादातर मामलों में, ये भावनाएँ क्षणिक होती हैं, और धीरे-धीरे, समय के साथ, आप बेहतर हो जाते हैं और पहले जैसा महसूस करने लगते हैं। ये बदलाव क्यों हो रहे हैं, यह समझने में आपकी मदद के लिए आपके डॉक्टर, मनोचिकित्सक या परामर्शदाता से बात करना आवश्यक है। यह दवा या उपचार के कारण हो सकता है, जिसके कई प्रकार के परिणाम हो सकते हैं, जैसे स्तन कैंसर में स्तन का नुकसान, जननांग क्षेत्र में सुन्नता, श्लैष्मिक सूखापन, डिस्पेर्यूनिया (दर्दनाक संभोग), स्तंभन दोष, समय से पहले रजोनिवृत्ति के लक्षण और मूत्र असंयम की समस्याएं। लेकिन अगर आप खुलकर नहीं बोलेंगे तो इसका सामना करना बहुत मुश्किल हो सकता है। अपने चिकित्सक के साथ इन मुद्दों पर चर्चा करने से आपको यह समझने में मदद मिलती है कि आपके सामने क्या आ सकता है और आपके लिए क्या स्वीकार्य है और क्या नहीं।
अपने विचारों और चिंताओं के बारे में खुलकर अपने साथी और अपने परिवार के साथ उन पर चर्चा करना भी महत्वपूर्ण है। आपकी बीमारी की अवस्था के आधार पर, यदि कोई ऐसा व्यक्ति है जो आपकी परवाह करता है और आपका करीबी है, तो यह आवश्यक है कि उन्हें पता हो कि आप क्या महसूस कर रहे हैं और आप किस दौर से गुजर रहे हैं। इस तरह के विषय पर चर्चा करने में शर्मिंदगी महसूस होना स्वाभाविक है, लेकिन ध्यान रखें कि आप और आपके साथी दोनों के मन में कई कठिन भावनाएँ हो सकती हैं, और जब आप बीमारी से तनाव में हों तो यह एक सामान्य घटना है। यह समझना भी महत्वपूर्ण है कि तनाव बहुत वास्तविक है और यह आपके साथी को भी प्रभावित करेगा। एक-दूसरे से बात करना और सुनना महत्वपूर्ण है। यदि आपके लिए बात करना कठिन हो जाए तो आप अपनी भावनाएं लिख सकते हैं। आपके पास हर चिंता, भावना या प्रश्न का उत्तर नहीं होगा, लेकिन यह सामान्य हैऔर इस से बिलकुल परेशान न हों; तथा शांति और धैर्य के साथ एक-दूसरे की बातें सुनने की चेष्टा करें। जब आपका पहले की तरह अंतरंग होने का मन नहीं करता है, तो आप कोमलता और दुलार के माध्यम से अपनी निकटता बनाए रख सकते हैं। निकटता और स्पर्श, प्यार और एकजुटता व्यक्त करने और अंतरंगता की जरूरतों को पूरा करने के तरीके हैं। उपचार के दौरान स्वयं की अच्छी भावना और आशा बनाए रखने के लिए अंतरंगता महत्वपूर्ण है। अंतरंगता महसूस करने, जीवन में उस विशेष आवश्यकता को पूरा करने और रिश्ते को बेहतर बनाने के अन्य तरीके भी हैं। इन चिंताओं के बारे में संचार बहुत महत्वपूर्ण है, खासकर यौन संबंध के बारे में, क्योंकि यौन संबंध से अधिक अंतरंग कुछ भी नहीं है। आप अभिभूत महसूस कर सकते हैं, और आपका साथी भी अभिभूत महसूस कर सकता है, और संचार टूट सकता है। लेकिन आपको यह समझने की ज़रूरत है कि केवल अंतरंग और स्पष्ट संचार ही चीज़ों को बेहतर बना सकता है। मुख्य मुद्दा कैंसर के बाद सकारात्मक और अंतरंग जीवन का विकास करना है। आवश्यकता पड़ने पर अपनी उपचार टीम की या अपने डॉक्टर, मनोचिकित्सक या परामर्शदाता की मदद अवश्य लें।
अपने माता-पिता के साथ संबंध
आपके कैंसर का निदान, उपचार, और अन्य संबंधित जानकारी आपके माता-पिता को उतना ही प्रभावित कर सकती है जितना आप को प्रभावित करती है, चाहे आप उनके साथ रह रहे हों या नहीं। इस प्रभाव से उनके व्यवहार में बदलाव आ सकता है। ऐसा लग सकता है कि वे बहुत दुखी हैं या अत्यधिक सुरक्षात्मक हो सकते हैं और हो सकता की वो उपचार प्रक्रिया की जिम्मेदारी ले सकते हैं। ध्यान रखें की इस प्रक्रिया के दौरान, वे अपनी मुश्किल भावनाओं और संवेदनाओं का भी सामना कर रहे हैं।
संचार आपकी और आपके माता-पिता की मदद करता है
वर्तमान स्थिति को समझने और आत्मसात करने के लिए कुछ समय लें और अपने माता-पिता के साथ चर्चा करने से पहले अपनी भावनाओं पर काम करें। यद्यपि आप सोच सकते हैं कि जानकारी साझा करने से वे परेशान हो सकते हैं या वे आपसे बहुत सारे प्रश्न पूछ सकते हैं या सलाह दे सकते हैं, अपनी भावनाओं के बारे में खुलकर बात करना और उनके साथ अपनी आवश्यकताओं और अपेक्षाओं पर चर्चा करने से आपको उनका समर्थन प्रदान करने में मदद मिल सकती है। आपके रिश्ते में आए बदलावों के बारे में बात करें और चर्चा करें कि आप अपना और अपने इलाज का ख्याल कैसे रखते हैं। आप उन्हें अपनी दवा का शेड्यूल या उपचार योजना दिखा सकते हैं (यदि आपके पास कोई है) और चर्चा कर सकते हैं कि आप उपचार प्रक्रिया, इसके लॉजिस्टिक्स, तथा खर्चे को संभालने की योजना कैसे बनाते हैं, और आपको उनकी सहायता की कहां आवश्यकता हो सकती है।
हालाँकि आपको कुछ समझौते करने की आवश्यकता हो सकती है, लेकिन सोचने और चर्चा करने या यह बताने के लिए समय निकालें कि वर्तमान परिदृश्य में आपके लिए क्या संभव है और क्या नहीं। आपको यह भी महसूस हो सकता है कि आप आश्रित होते जा रहे हैं और अपने माता-पिता पर बोझ डाल रहे हैं या उन्हें कुछ ज्यादा ही शामिल कर रहे हैं, लेकिन जरूरत पड़ने पर मदद स्वीकार करना ठीक है, साथ ही अगर आपको लगता है कि यह जरूरी है तो अपने बारे में निर्णय लेने की जरूरत को ईमानदारी से व्यक्त करना भी ठीक है। वे आपको अस्पताल जाने, आपके परिवार की देखभाल करने, अस्पताल के अंदर और बाहर आपका समर्थन करने, आपके उपचार की जरूरतों को सुव्यवस्थित करने में मदद करने और यहां तक कि जरूरत पड़ने पर निर्णय लेने की प्रक्रिया में सहायता करने में भी आपकी मदद कर सकते हैं।
यदि आप अकेले और/या अलग आवास में रह रहे हैं तो आपको अपने रहने की व्यवस्था में भी उनकी मदद लेनी पड़ सकती है, क्योंकि आपके लिए अकेले उपचार का प्रबंधन करना मुश्किल हो सकता है। ऐसा महसूस हो सकता है कि आप अपनी स्वतंत्रता छोड़ रहे हैं, लेकिन उनके साथ रहने से आपकी शारीरिक, भावनात्मक, आध्यात्मिक और वित्तीय ज़रूरतें पूरी हो सकती हैं।
आपके भाई-बहनों (भाई-बहन) के साथ संबंध
आपके भाई-बहन आपके माता-पिता की तरह अलग या समान प्रतिक्रिया दे सकते हैं। उनका बर्ताव बहुत साड़ी बातों पे निर्भर करता है जैसे उनके साथ आपकी निकटता, उम्र के अंतर, क्या आप एक ही घर में एक साथ बड़े हुए हैं, वगैरह। आप उनसे कितना साझा करते हैं,और क्या साझा करते हैं, यह आपकी उनसे निकटता, भावनात्मक जुड़ाव, और उम्र के अंतर पर निर्भर करेगा। वे अक्सर आपके अस्पताल दौरे, घरेलू कार्यों में आपकी मदद करना चाहेंगे और आपके साथ समय बिताना चाहेंगे। बीमारी के विभिन्न चरणों में संचार के माध्यम से उपचार प्रक्रिया में उनकी भूमिका और भागीदारी पर काम किया जा सकता है। आपके भाई-बहनों को भी कुछ समस्याएँ हो सकती हैं, या उन्हें भी वही बीमारी होने का डर हो सकता है। इसके अतिरिक्त, यदि आप बहुत छोटे हैं, और आपके और आपके भाई-बहन के बीच उम्र का अंतर ज्यादा नहीं है, तो उन्हें मिल रहे ध्यान की कमी के कारण उन्हें जलन महसूस हो सकती है। इन मुद्दों पर उनके साथ या परिवार के अन्य सदस्यों के साथ चर्चा की जा सकती है। आपके भाई-बहन को होने वाली किसी भी समस्या के लिए खुद को दोष देने से बचने का प्रयास करें। यदि आपको लगता है कि वे भावनाओं से अभिभूत हैं, तो उन्हें समर्थन मांगने के लिए प्रेरित करें। यदि अतीत में आपके अपने भाई-बहनों के साथ महत्वपूर्ण मतभेद रहे हों, तो स्थिति भिन्न हो सकती है; फिर भी, संचार मदद कर सकता है।
बच्चे और किशोर
बच्चों, युवा और किशोरों को कैंसर के निदान और उपचार के साथ आने वाली जानकारी और भावनाओं (जिसमें दुःख और भय भी शामिल है) से निपटने में मदद की ज़रूरत होती है। इस संबंध में बातचीत शुरू करना आपके लिए मुश्किल हो सकता है, लेकिन उनके साथ संचार शुरू करना और धीरे-धीरे खुलना, उन्हें सवाल पूछने और अनुभव के बारे में बात करने की अनुमति देना, उनके डर और चिंता को दूर करेगा और उनकी भावनाओं की अभिव्यक्ति में मदद करेगा। आप कितना, क्या और किस तरह से संवाद करते हैं यह बच्चे की उम्र, उनकी बुद्धि और उनके वातावरण पर निर्भर करेगा। आश्वासन और करुणा के साथ स्पष्ट और ठोस जानकारी प्रदान करने से बच्चे को यह समझने में मदद मिलेगी कि उसकी ज़रूरतें पूरी की जाएंगी। उन्हें यह महसूस करने की जरूरत होती है कि उनका अपनी नियमित गतिविधियों को जारी रखना ठीक है और जरूरत पड़ने पर उनसे मदद मांगी जाएगी। बच्चे अपनी भावनाओं को ड्राइंग, संगीत या लेखन जैसे विभिन्न तरीकों से व्यक्त कर सकते हैं। यदि किसी बच्चे को अतिरिक्त सहायता की आवश्यकता है, तो परिवार का कोई सदस्य, शिक्षक या मित्र मदद करने में सक्षम हो सकते हैं। बच्चों को परेशानी व्यक्त करने और मार्गदर्शन लेने की ज़रूरत होती है, और ज़रूरत पड़ने पर डॉक्टर या कॉउंसलर की सहायता मांगी जा सकती है।
आप में से कुछ लोगों को यह डर हो सकता है कि यह बीमारी आनुवंशिक रूप से आपके बच्चों में फैल जाएगी, लेकिन आपको यह समझने की ज़रूरत है कि ऐसा केवल कुछ प्रतिशत रोगियों में और कुछ विशिष्ट बीमारियों में ही हो सकता है। यदि आपको लगता है कि आपकी बीमारी विरासत में मिली है, तो आनुवंशिक परामर्शदाता या आणविक और आनुवंशिक चिकित्सक से परामर्श लें और उन्हें अपने प्रश्नों को संभालने और स्पष्टीकरण प्रदान करने दें। कैंसर से बचे लोगों के बच्चों ने महसूस किया है कि ईमानदार संचार, खुली चर्चा और उनके साथ समय बिताने से उन्हें रोग निदान और उपचार की प्रक्रिया में मदद मिली है।
Disclaimer (अस्वीकरण): इस पृष्ठ में विभिन्न दवाओं और उपचार के तौर-तरीकों पर जानकारी शामिल है; और जिस तरह से इन्हें कभी-कभी पैलिएटिव केयर के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है। यह जानकारी केवल शिक्षा और जागरूकता उद्देश्यों के लिए है। इसका उपयोग नुस्खे के रूप में या अन्यथा नहीं किया जाना चाहिए। अधिक प्रश्नों और बेहतर समझ के लिए, कृपया अपने डॉक्टर, नर्स या फार्मासिस्ट से परामर्श लें। बिना चिकित्सकीय देखरेख के किसी भी दवा या जानकारी का उपयोग न करें।
When the cancer grows into or destroys nearby tissue, it could cause pain. Depending on where the cancer is located, the cancer can cause pain either by expanding itself at the local site or it may spread to other tissues/organs (metastasis), thus causing pain and other symptoms from these tissues/invaded organs e.g. nerves, bones, visceral organs, etc. In these situations, cancer treatment such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy helps ease the pain. However, the same cancer treatments might also be the cause of pain. so, whatever may be the cause of pain, cancer patients should get relief. World Health Organization recognized the relief in cancer pain as an essential component of cancer treatment. In line with this, WHO formulated a step wise approach as a part of global strategy for cancer pain relief. In this video, we would discuss the various aspects of WHO ladder formation. The video for the same (which can be viewed in the "video" section) is based on our current knowledge and understanding; and is meant for medical and healthcare professionals. We expect this video to help medical students and healthcare professionals in their approach to cancer patients and cancer pain management. It might be viewed by the general public for a better understanding of "cancer pain" but with caution and after reading the below mentioned disclaimer which stands true for all the information on this website.
Disclaimer: This page contains information on various medications and treatment modalities; and the way that these are sometimes used for palliative care. This information is for education and awareness purposes only. It should not be used as a prescription or otherwise. For more questions and a better understanding, please consult your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Do not use any medication or information without medical supervision.
ज़िन्दगी Dear है, जाना भी Clear है। आइये समझें Goodbye से जुड़ी कुछ बातें । जब हम इस जीवन में आते हैं तो हमारा अच्छे से स्वागत किया जाता है और अच्छा रख रखाव किया जाता है। यह समझने की बात है कि ,जीवन से जाते समय भी, ऐसा ही अच्छा रख रखाव और care महत्वपूर्ण है। इस बातचीत और समझ के बिना, जीवन के अंतिम पड़ाव से गुजरना, किसी भी life limiting illness यानी जीवन सीमित करने वाली बीमारी se बीमार व्यक्ति, या उसके प्रियजनों के लिए अत्यंत अकेलेपन और तनाव का कारण बन सकता है। जीवन के इस पहलू से जुडी बहुत सी बातें जैसे की: किस से और कैसे बात करें? कहां से मदद लें, कौन से छूटे हुए कामों पे ध्यान दें और कैसे उनको पूरा करने की चेष्टा करें?, अपने finances को कैसे arrange करें ? तथा और भी कई अन्य सवालों का हल जानने क लिए देखते रहिये Goodbye सीरीज।
All of us are well versed with the entity “Dear Zindagi”, but at the same time, we also need to understand that life is a journey, and when we traverse this, we also need to learn “How to say Goodbye?” as all of us are finite. "Arriving well" in this life is something we all need and want for our loved ones. Similarly, it is also important to "live well" and "leave well". This is especially important in the context of chronic and life-limiting illnesses. Communications around end-of-life care, death and dying are important and cannot be ignored. Without this communication, interaction and understanding, it is difficult to go through the final stages of life in any life-limiting illness. It has serious repercussions and can lead to extreme loneliness and stress for the sick person, or their loved ones. Various aspects of this communication, such as: Whom to talk to and how? Where to get help, what are the pending tasks which we need to focus on, and how to try to make up for them? How to arrange your finances? etc are important and cannot be ignored. Stay tuned to the Goodbye series to know the solutions to many more important questions.
Disclaimer: This page contains information on various medications and treatment modalities; and the way that these are sometimes used for palliative care. This information is for education and awareness purposes only. It should not be used as a prescription or otherwise. For more questions and a better understanding, please consult your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Do not use any medication or information without medical supervision.
1. What is advance care planning (ACP)?
Advance care planning is the process of discussing and preparing for future medical decisions in case you become seriously ill or are unable to communicate your healthcare preferences. It involves having meaningful conversations with your loved ones about your values and wishes regarding medical care.
2. Who can benefit from advance care planning?
Advance care planning is beneficial for people of all ages because a serious illness or severe injury can happen at any time. As we age, it becomes more common to need help making decisions about healthcare. Studies show that many adults have someone else involved in making their medical decisions.
3. Why is it important to engage in advance care planning?
Engaging in advance care planning allows you to have a voice in your medical care even if you can't communicate directly. It promotes patient autonomy, empowering individuals to actively participate in healthcare decisions that reflect their personal beliefs, values, and desired quality of life.
4. How does advance care planning prepare for the lack of decision-making capacity?
Life can be unpredictable, and situations may arise where a person loses the ability to make decisions due to illness or injury. Through advance care planning, individuals can proactively prepare for such circumstances. By discussing and documenting their wishes in advance, patients provide guidance to their healthcare team, ensuring that decisions align with their predetermined preferences.
5. How does advance care planning relieve decision-making burdens on family members?
Engaging in advance care planning lightens the emotional burden placed on family members and loved ones when difficult medical decisions need to be made. By discussing and documenting preferences, patients spare their families from having to make choices on their behalf, allowing them to focus on providing emotional support during challenging times.
6. How does advance care planning contribute to holistic care?
Advance care planning entails comprehensive discussions that delve into the patient's values, goals, fears, and concerns. These conversations facilitate a deep understanding of what matters most to the individual, informing the development of a care plan that aligns with their wishes. It addresses core topics like pain control and symptom management, ensuring the patient's care encompasses not only medical treatments but also effective pain and symptom management for enhanced comfort and well-being.
7. When should I start advance care planning?
There is never a bad time to begin advance care planning. Unexpected events can occur at any age, so having a plan in place can provide peace of mind for you and your loved ones.
8. Is advance care planning only for terminally ill patients?
No, advance care planning is not limited to terminally ill patients. It is for anyone who wants to have a say in their medical care and ensure that their values and preferences are honoured during challenging times.
Remember, advance care planning is a thoughtful process that involves open communication and compassionate understanding. By engaging in this process, you can have more control over your future medical care and provide support and clarity to your loved ones.
Disclaimer: This page contains information on various medications and treatment modalities; and the way that these are sometimes used for palliative care. This information is for education and awareness purposes only. It should not be used as a prescription or otherwise. For more questions and a better understanding, please consult your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Do not use any medication or information without medical supervision.
Further reading:
1. एडवांस केयर प्लानिंग (एसीपी) या अग्रिम देखभाल व चिकित्सा योजना क्या है?
यदि आप गंभीर रूप से बीमार हो जाते हैं या अपनी स्वास्थ्य संबंधी प्राथमिकताओं के बारे में बताने में असमर्थ होते हैं तो अग्रिम देखभाल व चिकित्सा योजना भविष्य के चिकित्सा निर्णयों पर चर्चा करने और तैयारी करने की प्रक्रिया है। इसमें चिकित्सा देखभाल के संबंध में आपके मूल्यों और इच्छाओं के बारे में आपके प्रियजनों के साथ सार्थक बातचीत शामिल है।
2. अग्रिम देखभाल व चिकित्सा योजना से कौन लाभान्वित हो सकता है?
अग्रिम देखभाल व चिकित्सा योजना सभी उम्र के लोगों के लिए फायदेमंद है क्योंकि कोई गंभीर बीमारी या गंभीर चोट किसी भी समय लग सकती है। जैसे-जैसे हमारी उम्र बढ़ती है, स्वास्थ्य देखभाल के बारे में निर्णय लेने में मदद की आवश्यकता आम हो जाती है। अध्ययनों से पता चलता है कि कई वयस्कों के चिकित्सीय निर्णय लेने में कोई और शामिल होता है।
3. अग्रिम देखभाल व चिकित्सा योजना में शामिल होना क्यों महत्वपूर्ण है?
अग्रिम देखभाल व चिकित्सा योजना में संलग्न होने से आपको अपनी चिकित्सा देखभाल में आवाज उठाने की अनुमति मिलती है, भले ही आप सीधे संवाद न कर पा रहे हों। यह रोगी की स्वायत्तता को बढ़ावा देता है, उनकी व्यक्तिगत मान्यताओं, मूल्यों और जीवन की वांछित गुणवत्ता को ध्यान में रखते हुए उनको आने वाले समय में अपने स्वास्थ्य देखभाल निर्णयों में सक्रिय रूप से भाग लेने के लिए सशक्त बनाता है।
4. निर्णय लेने की क्षमता की कमी के लिए अग्रिम देखभाल योजना कैसे तैयार की जाती है?
जीवन अप्रत्याशित हो सकता है, और ऐसी स्थितियाँ उत्पन्न हो सकती हैं जहाँ कोई व्यक्ति बीमारी या चोट के कारण निर्णय लेने की क्षमता खो देता है। अग्रिम देखभाल व चिकित्सा योजना के माध्यम से, व्यक्ति ऐसी परिस्थितियों के लिए सक्रिय रूप से तैयारी कर सकते हैं। अपनी इच्छाओं पर पहले से चर्चा और दस्तावेज़ीकरण करके, मरीज़ अपनी स्वास्थ्य सेवा टीम को मार्गदर्शन प्रदान करते हैं, यह सुनिश्चित करते हुए कि निर्णय उनकी पूर्व निर्धारित प्राथमिकताओं के अनुरूप हों।
5. अग्रिम देखभाल व चिकित्सा योजना परिवार के सदस्यों पर निर्णय लेने के बोझ से कैसे राहत दिलाती है?
अग्रिम देखभाल व चिकित्सा योजना में संलग्न होने से परिवार के सदस्यों और प्रियजनों पर पड़ने वाला भावनात्मक बोझ हल्का हो जाता है जब कठिन चिकित्सा निर्णय लेने की आवश्यकता होती है। प्राथमिकताओं पर चर्चा और दस्तावेज़ीकरण करके, मरीज़ अपने परिवारों को अपनी ओर से विकल्प चुनने से बचाते हैं, जिससे उन्हें चुनौतीपूर्ण समय के दौरान भावनात्मक समर्थन प्रदान करने पर ध्यान केंद्रित करने की अनुमति मिलती है।
6. अग्रिम देखभाल व चिकित्सा योजना समग्र देखभाल (holistic care) में कैसे योगदान देती है?
अग्रिम देखभाल व चिकित्सा योजना में व्यापक चर्चा शामिल होती है जो रोगी के मूल्यों, लक्ष्यों, भय और चिंताओं पर प्रकाश डालती है। ये वार्तालाप इस बात की गहरी समझ प्रदान करते हैं कि व्यक्ति के लिए सबसे अधिक क्या मायने रखता है तथा एक ऐसी देखभाल योजना विकसित करने में मदद करता है जो उनकी इच्छाओं के अनुरूप हो। यह दर्द नियंत्रण और लक्षण प्रबंधन जैसे मुख्य विषयों को संबोधित करता है, और यह सुनिश्चित करता है कि रोगी की देखभाल में न केवल चिकित्सा उपचार शामिल है बल्कि बेहतर आराम और कल्याण के लिए प्रभावी दर्द और लक्षण प्रबंधन भी शामिल है।
7. मुझे अग्रिम देखभाल व चिकित्सा योजना कब शुरू करनी चाहिए?
एक बार वयस्क होने के बाद अग्रिम देखभाल योजना कभी भी बनायीं जा सकती है। अप्रत्याशित घटनाएँ किसी भी उम्र में घटित हो सकती हैं, इसलिए एक योजना बनाने से आपको और आपके प्रियजनों को मानसिक शांति मिल सकती है।
8. क्या अग्रिम देखभाल व चिकित्सा योजना केवल असाध्य रूप से बीमार रोगियों के लिए है?
नहीं, अग्रिम देखभाल योजना असाध्य रूप से बीमार रोगियों तक सीमित नहीं है। यह उन लोगों के लिए है जो अपनी चिकित्सा देखभाल में अपनी बात कहना चाहते हैं और यह सुनिश्चित करना चाहते हैं कि चुनौतीपूर्ण समय के दौरान उनके मूल्यों और प्राथमिकताओं का सम्मान किया जाए।
याद रखें, अग्रिम देखभाल व चिकित्सा योजना एक विचारशील प्रक्रिया है जिसमें खुला संचार और करुणापूर्ण समझ शामिल है। इस प्रक्रिया में शामिल होकर, आप अपनी भविष्य की चिकित्सा देखभाल पर अधिक नियंत्रण रख सकते हैं और अपने प्रियजनों को सहायता और स्पष्टता प्रदान कर सकते हैं।
Disclaimer (अस्वीकरण): इस पृष्ठ में विभिन्न दवाओं और उपचार के तौर-तरीकों पर जानकारी शामिल है; और जिस तरह से इन्हें कभी-कभी पैलिएटिव केयर के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है। यह जानकारी केवल शिक्षा और जागरूकता उद्देश्यों के लिए है। इसका उपयोग नुस्खे के रूप में या अन्यथा नहीं किया जाना चाहिए। अधिक प्रश्नों और बेहतर समझ के लिए, कृपया अपने डॉक्टर, नर्स या फार्मासिस्ट से परामर्श लें। बिना चिकित्सकीय देखरेख के किसी भी दवा या जानकारी का उपयोग न करें।
Further reading:
1. What are advance directives?
Advance directives are legal documents that outline your medical care preferences. They come into effect if you are unable to communicate your wishes due to a serious illness or severe injury. Research shows that having advance directives serves as a valuable guide and has a significantly beneficial impact on the care you receive. This ensures that your medical and comfort preferences are honoured and that care aligns with the stated goals, especially toward the end of life.
Two important components of an advance directive are: first, documenting your medical care preferences in a document also known as a living will; and second, authorizing someone to make medical care decisions for you in case you are unable to communicate them to your care providers. This person is also known as a surrogate decision-maker or healthcare durable power of attorney. The designation of a healthcare durable power of attorney can occur independently in a separate document or within a living will.
2. What is a living will?
A 'living will' is a legal document designed to communicate your medical treatment preferences to healthcare providers if you become incapable of making decisions about serious illnesses or end-of-life care. Within a living will, you have the opportunity to express your desired medical procedures and care, specify treatments you would prefer to avoid, and outline the circumstances under which each choice should be applied. This document allows you to consider, discuss, and record your wishes, priorities, refusals, and preferences regarding end-of-life care. It facilitates a clear understanding of these preferences, ensuring that your chosen medical treatments, care location (home or hospital), and other critical decisions are respected and followed by healthcare professionals. This document helps both the individual and their designated person(s) or family navigate end-of-life situations without uncertainty or guilt. It encompasses aspects such as preferred treatment, health information, place of care and death, and desired supports during this stage of life.
3. What is a durable power of attorney for health care?
A durable power of attorney for health care is another important component of advanced directives. The designation of a healthcare durable power of attorney can occur independently in a separate document or within a living will. It designates a health care proxy or surrogate, i.e., someone who can make medical decisions on your behalf if you are unable to do so. Your proxy can be chosen in addition to or instead of a living will, and they should be familiar with your values and wishes. This document helps you plan for unforeseen situations, such as serious illnesses or end-of-life care. It does not grant authority to the surrogate to make financial or other business decisions. It is crucial for the person writing the living will to talk to their surrogate about their opinions, values, and the provisions of the will. Also, it is important for the surrogate to understand the person’s wishes, preferences, and refusals stated in the living will, to accept and agree with the plan, and to be willing to execute it at the appointed time. Ideally, the consenting surrogate should also sign the Living Will form, or the patient must confirm on the durable power of attorney for health care form that the surrogate has accepted this responsibility.
Some people are hesitant to document specific medical decisions, and for many, it might also be challenging to predict future treatment choices. Because of these factors, designating a health care proxy is a wise option, especially if there is someone you feel comfortable speaking with about your values and preferences. To assist you and your healthcare providers in making decisions, a proxy can independently evaluate the necessary healthcare situation or treatment option. They can then draw upon their understanding of your healthcare priorities to help your healthcare providers reach a decision based on consensus.
4. Why should I consider advance directives?
Even if you are in perfect health today, unforeseen events like an accident or serious illness could leave you unable to communicate your wishes. Having a plan in place now ensures you won't have to make decisions during a medical emergency. Planning ahead also lets you designate someone to make decisions on your behalf if you can't speak for yourself. As your life evolves, you can update your advance directives to ensure they align with your current wishes. Think of advance directives as dynamic documents that empower you to take control of your medical care. By reviewing them annually and updating them after major life events, like retirement or changes in health, you ensure your preferences remain relevant. While uncertainty about making specific health decisions is common, having a health care proxy is a practical solution. This person can assess each situation independently and work with healthcare providers to make decisions based on their understanding of your values and preferences.
5. Can I modify my advance care planning documents over time?
Absolutely, you have the option and are encouraged to update your advance care planning documents periodically, particularly if your health status or personal circumstances change. The individual creating the living will has the right to revoke their decision and discard the existing form at any point. They also retain the ability to revise their preferred priorities and binding refusals whenever needed. Additionally, they can recomplete the form and alter the nominated individuals. To ensure that all parties possess the most recent version of the "Living Will," it's recommended to dispose of prior editions and maintain a copy of the current version. This updated version should be shared with their primary care physician, hospital doctor, and hospital medical records to ensure accuracy and alignment.
6. How do I ensure that my advance care planning preferences are known and respected?
Sharing your advance care planning documents and preferences with family members, healthcare providers, and relevant institutions like hospitals and nursing homes will help ensure that your wishes are known and respected.
7. When does the "Living Will" take effect, and how is it utilized?
"Living Will" becomes operational when the individual who created it becomes incapable of making or expressing decisions independently. At this juncture, healthcare providers will refer to the preferences, desires, and refusals outlined in the document. They will also consult the person nominated by the individual or their family before proceeding with any actions. The healthcare provider's guidance will be based on the individual's best interests. If the healthcare provider determines that the provisions of the living will or the viewpoint of the nominated person or family do not align with the healthcare situation, the provider has the discretion to disregard the living will. The primary objective of the Living Will is to ensure humane, comfortable, and dignified care during serious illness or the end of life while avoiding potentially inappropriate or futile treatments that go against the patient's expressed wishes.
8. In the Indian context, who should we approach to make advanced directives? How are advanced directives made in the Indian context?
In the Indian context, as mentioned in the judgement referenced below, we are quoting here the following excerpts:
“The Advance Directive can be executed only by an adult who is of a sound and healthy state of mind and in a position to communicate, relate and comprehend the purpose and consequences of executing the document.”
“The document should be signed by the executor in the presence of two attesting witnesses, preferably independent, and attested before a notary or Gazetted Officer”.
“The witnesses and the notary or Gazetted Officer shall record their satisfaction that the document has been executed voluntarily and without any coercion or inducement or compulsion and with full understanding of all the relevant information and consequences”.
The directive should also specify the name of a guardian(s) or close relative(s) responsible for making decisions in accordance with the details mentioned in this ‘REPORTABLE’ judgement by “THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA”, CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION, MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATION NO. 1699 OF 2019, IN WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 215 OF 2005, COMMON CAUSE (A REGD. SOCIETY) Petitioner(s) VERSUS UNION OF INDIA Respondent(s) INDIAN SOCIETY OF CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE Applicant(s) Dated 24th Jan 2023.
The excerpts above need not be read in isolation, so, PLEASE READ THIS JUDGEMENT IN DETAIL by clicking on the link provided here or retrieve it from relevant and authentic sources using the reference mentioned above.
Advance directives empower you to ensure that your medical care aligns with your wishes and values. By taking the time to create and update these documents, you provide yourself and your loved ones with clarity and peace of mind during challenging times. Remember, your advance directives are a reflection of your autonomy and can be adjusted to match your evolving circumstances.
Disclaimer: This page contains information on various medications and treatment modalities; and the way that these are sometimes used for palliative care. This information is for education and awareness purposes only. It should not be used as a prescription or otherwise. For more questions and a better understanding, please consult your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Do not use any medication or information without medical supervision.
Further reading:
एडवांस डायरेक्टिव (अग्रिम निर्देश) क्या हैं?
एडवांस डायरेक्टिव (अग्रिम निर्देश) वो कानूनी दस्तावेज़ हैं जो आपकी चिकित्सा देखभाल प्राथमिकताओं को रेखांकित करते हैं। यदि आप किसी गंभीर बीमारी या गंभीर चोट के कारण अपनी इच्छाओं को बताने में असमर्थ हैं तो वे प्रभावी हो जाते हैं। अनुसंधान से पता चलता है कि अग्रिम निर्देश एक मूल्यवान मार्गदर्शक के रूप में कार्य करते हैं और आपको मिलने वाली देखभाल पर महत्वपूर्ण लाभकारी प्रभाव डालते हैं। यह सुनिश्चित करते हैं कि आपकी चिकित्सा और आराम संबंधी प्राथमिकताओं का सम्मान किया जाए और देखभाल बताए गए लक्ष्यों के अनुरूप है, खासकर जीवन के आखिरी पड़ाव की दी गयी चिकित्सा में।
अग्रिम निर्देश के दो महत्वपूर्ण घटक हैं: पहला, अपनी चिकित्सा देखभाल प्राथमिकताओं को एक दस्तावेज़ में दर्ज करना जिसे "लिविंग विल" के नाम से भी जाना जाता है; और दूसरा, यदि आप अपने देखभाल प्रदाताओं को सूचित करने में असमर्थ हैं तो किसी को आपके लिए चिकित्सा देखभाल संबंधी निर्णय लेने के लिए अधिकृत करना। इस व्यक्ति को सरोगेट निर्णय-निर्माता या हेल्थकेयर ड्यूरेबल पावर ऑफ अटॉर्नी के रूप में भी जाना जाता है। हेल्थकेयर ड्यूरेबल पावर ऑफ अटॉर्नी का पदनाम स्वतंत्र रूप से एक अलग दस्तावेज़ में हो सकता है या फिर "लिविंग विल" के भीतर भी हो सकता है।
लिविंग विल क्या है?
यदि आप गंभीर बीमारियों या जीवन के अंत की देखभाल के बारे में निर्णय लेने में असमर्थ हो जाते हैं तो 'लिविंग विल' एक कानूनी दस्तावेज है जिसे स्वास्थ्य देखभाल प्रदाताओं को आपकी चिकित्सा उपचार प्राथमिकताओं के बारे में बताने के लिए बनाया गया है। 'लिविंग विल' के माध्यम से आपके पास यह अवसर होता है की आप अपनी वांछित चिकित्सा प्रक्रियाओं और देखभाल को व्यक्त करें , अवांछित उपचारों को स्पष्ट रूप से निर्दिष्ट करें और उन परिस्थितियों की रूपरेखा तैयार करें , जिनके तहत इस प्रत्येक विकल्प को लागू किया जाना चाहिए। यह दस्तावेज़ आपको जीवन के अंत की देखभाल के संबंध में अपनी इच्छाओं, प्राथमिकताओं,और इनकारों पर विचार करने, चर्चा करने और रिकॉर्ड करने की अनुमति देता है। यह दस्तावेज़ इन प्राथमिकताओं की स्पष्ट समझ की सुविधा प्रदान करता है, जिससे यह सुनिश्चित होता है कि आपके चुने हुए चिकित्सा उपचार, देखभाल स्थान (घर या अस्पताल), और अन्य महत्वपूर्ण निर्णयों का स्वास्थ्य पेशेवरों द्वारा सम्मान किया जाए और उनका पालन किया जाए। यह दस्तावेज़ व्यक्ति और उनके नामित व्यक्ति (व्यक्तियों) या परिवार, दोनों को ही अनिश्चितता या अपराध बोध के बिना जीवन के अंत की स्थितियों से निपटने में मदद करता है। इसमें जीवन के अंतिम चरण या गंभीर बीमारी की अवस्था में उपचार प्राथमिकताएं, स्वास्थ्य जानकारी, देखभाल और मृत्यु का स्थान और वांछित और अवांछित समर्थन जैसे पहलू शामिल हैं।
Further reading:
Q1: What is cancer?
A1: Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body.
Q2: How do normal cells behave in the body?
A2: Normal cells in the body grow, multiply, and replace old or damaged cells through a process called cell division.
Q3: What can happen when the normal "cell growth process" breaks down?
A3: When the normal cell growth process breaks down, abnormal or damaged cells can grow and multiply inappropriately, potentially forming tumors.
Q4: What are tumors, and how are they classified?
A4: Tumors are lumps of tissue that can be classified as cancerous (malignant) or non-cancerous (benign) based on their ability to invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body.
Q5: What is metastasis in the context of cancer?
A5: Metastasis refers to the spread of cancerous cells from one part of the body to other distant areas, where they can form new tumors.
Q6: Do all tumors in the body behave the same way?
A6: No, tumors can behave differently. Cancerous tumors invade nearby tissues and can metastasize, while benign tumors do not invade nearby tissues and are usually not cancerous.
Q7: Can benign or noncancerous tumors cause health problems?
A7: Yes, in some cases, benign tumors can cause health problems, especially when they grow large or affect critical organs, like noncancerous brain tumors that can be life-threatening.
Q8: Can cancer occur in any part of the body?
A8: Yes, cancer can start in almost any part of the body, as the human body is composed of trillions of cells, and cancer can arise when the normal cell growth process is disrupted.
Q9: How do cancer cells differ from normal cells in terms of growth?
A9: Cancer cells grow exponentially and multiply without following any "stop signal". Normal cells on the other hand grow only upto a certain limit and then stop, and are replaced by new generation of normal cells on ageing and cell death.
Q10: What is apoptosis, and how do cancer cells relate to it?
A10: Apoptosis is programmed cell death. It helps in maintaining a normal cell cycle by replacing old or damaged cells. Cancer cells often ignore signals that trigger apoptosis, allowing them to keep dividing when they shouldn't.
Q11: What distinguishes the behavior of “cancer cells" when it comes to invasion and spreading?
A11: Cancer cells invade nearby areas and spread to other parts of the body, while normal cells stop growing when they encounter other cells and typically do not move around the body.
Q12: How do cancer cells influence blood vessels?
A12: Cancer cells involve and instruct blood vessels to grow toward tumors, supplying them with oxygen and nutrients and removing waste products.
Q13: What happens to cancer cells in relation to the immune system?
A13: Cancer cells can evade the immune system and even trick it into helping them survive and grow, instead of being eliminated as damaged or abnormal cells.
Q14: What chromosomal changes are common in cancer cells?
A14: Cancer cells often accumulate changes in their chromosomes, such as additions and deletions of chromosome parts, which is also called as "mutation".
Q15: How do cancer cells differ from normal cells in terms of nutrient utilization?
A15: Cancer cells rely on different nutrients than normal cells and may generate energy from nutrients differently, allowing them to grow more rapidly.
Q16: What is hyperplasia, and why is it monitored and/or treated?
A16: Hyperplasia is when cells in a tissue multiply and grow faster than normal, but they still appear normal under a microscope. It may be monitored and/or treated because, in some cases, it could develop into cancer, especially when caused by chronic irritation.
Q17: How does dysplasia differ from hyperplasia?
A17: Dysplasia is a more advanced condition than hyperplasia. In dysplasia, there is an accumulation of extra cells that look abnormal under a microscope, and there are changes in tissue organization. The more abnormal the cells and tissue, the higher the risk of cancer formation. Some types of dysplasia need monitoring and/or treatment, while others do not.
Q18: What is carcinoma in situ, and how does it relate to cancer?
A18: Carcinoma in situ is a condition more advanced than dysplasia often referred to as stage 0 cancer. It is not yet cancer because the abnormal cells do not invade nearby tissues like cancer cells do. However, because some cases of carcinoma in situ can progress to cancer, they are usually treated as a precaution.
Q19: What is the relationship between hyperplasia, dysplasia, and cancer?
A19: Hyperplasia and dysplasia are abnormal changes that cells go through before becoming cancerous. Hyperplasia involves an increase in the number of normal-looking cells, while dysplasia includes abnormal cell appearance but not cancer. Whether hyperplasia or dysplasia progresses to cancer depends on various factors and may or may not occur.
Q20: What should we understand about cancer at the level of “gene”?
A20: Cancer is caused by changes to genes, which are responsible for controlling how our cells function, particularly their growth and division.
Q21: How can genetic changes that lead to cancer occur?
A21: Genetic changes that cause cancer can happen due to errors during cell division, DNA damage from harmful environmental substances like those in tobacco smoke and UV rays, or by inheriting these changes from parents.
Q22: Why is the risk of cancer higher as we age?
A22: The body's ability to eliminate cells with damaged DNA decreases with age, contributing to a higher risk of cancer later in life.
Q23: What is metastasis in cancer?
A23: Metastasis in cancer refers to the process where cancer cells break away from the original tumor and form new tumors in different parts of the body.
Q24: What is metastatic cancer, and how does it relate to the original cancer?
A24: Metastatic cancer is cancer that has spread from its original location to other parts of the body. It retains the same name and type as the original cancer; for example, breast cancer that spreads to the lung is still metastatic breast cancer.
Disclaimer: This page contains information on various medications and treatment modalities; and the way that these are sometimes used for palliative care. This information is for education and awareness purposes only. It should not be used as a prescription or otherwise. For more questions and a better understanding, please consult your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Do not use any medication or information without medical supervision.
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